Brining Safely Will Bring Tender, Flavorful Meat to the Thanksgiving Table (2024)

Posted by Archie Magoulas, FSIS Technical Information Specialist in Health and Safety

Nov 16, 2017

Brining Safely Will Bring Tender, Flavorful Meat to the Thanksgiving Table (1)

Are you interested in brining a turkey, but aren’t quite sure how to do it safely? USDA is at your service! Though brining may sound like something only done commercially or by a certified chef, it’s quite simple with the right strategy — that means following safe food preparation steps.

Brining simply means to soak your turkey in a water and salt solution (the brine). Often, other ingredients are added to the brine, such as sugar, molasses, honey or corn syrup. The purpose of a brine is to produce a more tender and flavorful turkey.

According to research published in the Journal of Food Science, the salt in the brine dissolves a bit of the protein in the muscle fibers, and allows the meat to absorb the brine and retain moisture during cooking. This makes the poultry juicier, more tender and improves the flavor. There is no shortage of brine recipes, but in order to reap the benefits of brining, you must use the following safe steps.

Brining Steps:

Fresh turkeys can only be kept safely for one to two days, in the refrigerator. Let’s use a fresh whole turkey in our example and follow the four steps to safe food preparation:

CLEAN

  • Begin by washing hands with warm water and soap for a minimum of 20 seconds.
  • Also wash and sanitize surfaces such as countertops and sink using a solution of 1 tablespoon of unscented, liquid chlorine bleach in 1 gallon of water. Let the solution stand on the surfaces for a few minutes; then air dry or pat dry with clean paper towels.

SEPARATE

  • Do NOT wash the bird prior to brining. Washing raw poultry can cause cross-contamination — raw juices that can contain harmful bacteria spilling onto other foods or splashing on countertops.
  • Prepare the brine by mixing ingredients until all of the salt is dissolved. If your brine recipe calls for heating the mixture, be sure to cool it to room temperature before using it. Then place the turkey in the brine and place in the refrigerator. Don’t leave the turkey sitting out at room temperature while brining.
  • Place the bird breast down in a large container made of food-grade plastic, stainless steel or glass, or a brining bag. Be sure the container will fit in your fridge.
  • Add brine, covering the entire turkey. Carefully secure the container with a lid or cover, so as not to splash other foods or surfaces inside your refrigerator.
  • Place the container in the refrigerator for the period of time specified in the recipe. The amount of time will depend on the type of brine you use; however, do not brine any longer than two days and always keep the turkey and brine refrigerated (at 40°F or less).
  • Remove turkey from brine after the recommended time.

NOTE: If you must rinse the turkey and clean out the cavity, first take the time to remove dishes, dish drainers, dish towels, sponges and other objects from around the sink area. Then cover the area around your sink with paper towels. Place the roasting pan next to the sink, ready to receive the turkey.

Clean the sink with hot soapy water, rinse well and fill it with a few inches of cold water. Even if the cavity is partially frozen, use cold water to rinse the cavity. Cold water is still warmer than the frozen cavity. Run the water gently to prevent splashing. Make sure the water is coming out the other end of the cavity. If it isn’t, the neck or giblets may still be in there.

And that’s it! No need to scrub or rinse the rest of the turkey. Hold the turkey up to let it drain into the sink and gently place the turkey in the roasting pan. Remove the paper towels, clean the sink and the area around the sink with hot soapy water, and proceed with your preparations. See To Wash or Not Wash.

COOK

  • Cook the brined turkey according to USDA’s food safety recommendations. You can view more tips on preparation of a turkey at: Let’s Talk Turkey
  • Check the internal temperature of the turkey in the innermost part of the thigh and wing and the thickest part of the breast with a food thermometer. The minimum internal temperature should reach 165°F for safety.
  • For quality, let the turkey stand for 20 minutes before carving to allow juices to set.

CHILL

  • Divide leftovers into smaller portions. Refrigerate or freeze in covered shallow containers for quicker cooling.
  • Cooked turkey, stuffing and gravy should not be left out at room temperature longer than 2 hours; 1 hour in temperatures above 90°F.
  • Use refrigerated turkey, stuffing and gravy within 3 to 4 days.

Brining can be used with a variety of poultry and meats. See more food safety tips on brining, including suggested recipes in the Brining, Basting and Marinating fact sheet.

If you have questions about your Thanksgiving dinner, call the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854) to talk to a food safety expert. You can also chat live at AskKaren.gov, available from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. ET, Monday through Friday, in English and Spanish. If you need help on Thanksgiving Day, the Meat and Poultry Hotline is available from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. ET.

Category/Topic: Health and Safety

Tags: Food Safety and Inspection Service FSIS Food Safety Thanksgiving turkey AskKaren.gov

Brining Safely Will Bring Tender, Flavorful Meat to the Thanksgiving Table (2024)

FAQs

Brining Safely Will Bring Tender, Flavorful Meat to the Thanksgiving Table? ›

Brining a turkey offers several benefits that enhance both the flavor and texture of the bird. Brining helps with: Moisture retention: The primary advantage of brining is moisture retention. The salt in the brine alters the protein structure in the meat, allowing it to absorb and retain more water.

Does brining make meat more tender? ›

Brining is the process of infusing proteins with salt, sugar and flavor. In addition, it tenderizes and moisturizes meat. Typically, the protein is soaked in a solution of water (or another liquid such as apple juice, beer or wine), salt and spices for a number of hours in the refrigerator.

Does brining a turkey make it more tender? ›

The purpose of a brine is to produce a more tender and flavorful turkey. According to research published in the Journal of Food Science , the salt in the brine dissolves a bit of the protein in the muscle fibers, and allows the meat to absorb the brine and retain moisture during cooking.

Does brining affect flavor? ›

Enhanced Flavor Profile

The taste that brining imparts is not merely salty; the osmotic exchange allows for a layering of flavors, from herbs to spices, that deeply infuse the meat.

Should I brine my Thanksgiving turkey? ›

If you want the juiciest possible bird, you're going to want to learn how to brine a turkey. The process may take a little time (start at least 2 days ahead of the feast), but properly brining a turkey yields the juiciest, most succulent meat—no dryness here.

How do you brine beef to make it tender? ›

We might have a few marinade secrets up our sleeve, but brining is a no-recipe-required kind of event. Simply combine one tablespoon of salt for every cup of water. You'll need enough water to completely cover the meat, and usually 4 cups of water (and 1/4 cup of salt) will do the trick.

Does soaking meat in salt water make it tender? ›

At its most basic, brining is submerging meat in a solution of salt and water for many hours before cooking, enhancing the meat's ability to retain moisture and tenderness, while also seasoning it.

Does brining a turkey make it rubbery? ›

Stick to the recipe and instructions and don't over-brine. That can result in a mushy or rubbery texture. A salt water brine is best in my opinion. Plan on buttering that bird and basting it too.

What is the downside of brining turkey? ›

Second, brining robs your bird of flavor. Think about it: Your turkey is absorbing water, and holding on to it. That means that that extra 30 to 40% savings in moisture loss doesn't really come in the form of turkey juices—it's plain old tap water.

Do you rinse turkey after brining? ›

You should always rinse the turkey after wet or dry brining. Once rinsed, you can let the turkey air dry, uncovered, in the refrigerator for several hours, or pat it dry with a paper towel.

Do you rinse meat after brining? ›

What to Do After the Meat Is Brined. After waiting the appropriate amount of time, remove the meat from the brine and pat it dry with a paper towel. You won't need to rinse it with fresh water unless you accidentally brined it for too long. From here, cook the meat according to your favorite recipe.

What is the best brine method? ›

Dry-brining is our preferred method for seasoning both large and small pieces of meat, poultry, and sometimes even seafood. Along with producing juicy, flavorful results, dry-brining also helps us get better Maillard browning and crispy skin.

How long do you brine meat? ›

How Long Does It Take to Brine Meat? A general rule of thumb is to leave your meat in its brine for roughly one hour per pound—never brine your meat more than the prescribed amount, lest the proteins break down too far, turning it into unappetizing mush.

How long to brine a 12 pound turkey? ›

Add mixture to remaining cold water to quickly cool brine down before pouring over turkey. Soak meat in brine for 1 – 1.5 hrs per pound of turkey, turning turkey once. Rinse turkey after brining to remove excess salt, pat skin dry before cooking.

Should butterball turkeys be brined? ›

Butterball whole turkeys are individually pre-brined for convenience and taste, but if you want even more flavor and juiciness, you can brine, marinate, or inject your turkey following our step-by-step instructions.

What is the formula for brine? ›

The basic ratio of salt to water for a brine is 4 tablespoons of kosher salt per 1 quart (4 cups) of water. If you are using fine table salt, reduce the amount to 3 tablespoons. Keep in mind, also, that different kosher salt brands vary in how salty they actually are.

Does brining change the texture of meat? ›

Whether we are roasting a turkey or grilling chicken parts, we have consistently found that brining keeps the meat juicier. Brining also gives delicate (and sometimes mushy) poultry a meatier, firmer consistency and seasons the meat down to the bone.

How long does it take for brine to penetrate meat? ›

Results. The rate at which salt moved into the meat slowed significantly after 2 hours. After 2 hours, salt had penetrated ⅓ inch; after 4 hours, it had penetrated ½ inch; and after 24 hours, ¾ inch.

What meats should you brine? ›

Poultry breasts, pork chops, shrimp, and that infamous Thanksgiving turkey are all good candidates for brining. As barbecue season draws near, racks of ribs are also begging for a briny dip, which will help them retain moisture through a long smoke.

References

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Article information

Author: Nathanael Baumbach

Last Updated:

Views: 6219

Rating: 4.4 / 5 (55 voted)

Reviews: 94% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Nathanael Baumbach

Birthday: 1998-12-02

Address: Apt. 829 751 Glover View, West Orlando, IN 22436

Phone: +901025288581

Job: Internal IT Coordinator

Hobby: Gunsmithing, Motor sports, Flying, Skiing, Hooping, Lego building, Ice skating

Introduction: My name is Nathanael Baumbach, I am a fantastic, nice, victorious, brave, healthy, cute, glorious person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.